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转载 | 从“风高洛社”匾说“洛社”

Repost | 'Luoshe' Society Plaque Inscriptions

· Ancient Arts,传统艺术

本文是六悦博物馆匾额文史探源系列文章之一,本次转载的文章为

六悦博物馆匾额文史探源:从“风高洛社”匾说“洛社”

 

六悦博物馆匾额馆中有这样一方匾,匾文“风高洛社”,说受匾者姚星琴的道德才华,神态举止,高于洛社,显然略有溢美。

 

洛社,在历史上往往与文学,特别是与诗密切关联,洛社是诗社的代名词;洛社又是地名,一个怀念故国、祭祀土神的地名。

 

在六悦博物馆,在重庆少林堂等匾额馆,收藏着相当多的含有“洛社”二字的匾额,比如“名齐洛社”“名高洛社”等,全都用于赞喻受匾者年高德劭,富有诗才文情

 

在此感谢李海珉老师的研究编写,章治平老师的照片拍摄以及徐薇老师的推文编辑。很抱歉以下文字仅展示中文。

 

This article is one of a series of articles on the historical origins of inscribed plaques in the Six Arts Museum. The article being shared this time is about the exploration of the historical origins of the plaque "Feng Gao Luo She" and its connection to "Luo She."

 

Within the plaque collections of the Six Arts Museum, there is a plaque that reads "Feng Gao Luo She," which praises the moral and artistic talents of the recipient, Yao Xingqin, indicating that they surpass the level of the "Luo She" society and are worthy of admiration.

 

"Luo She" is historically often associated with literature, particularly poetry. It is synonymous with poetic societies. Additionally, "Luo She" is also a place name, representing a location for nostalgia for one's homeland and the worship of local deities.

 

In the Six Arts Museum and other plaque galleries like the Chongqing Shaolin Hall, there are many plaques containing the words "Luo She," such as "Ming Qi Luo She" and "Ming Gao Luo She," all used to praise the recipients' advanced age, virtue, and poetic talents.

 

We would like to express our gratitude to Professor Li Haimin for the research and writing, Teacher Zhang Zhiping for the photography, and Teacher Xu Wei for the editing of this article. We apologize that the following text is only displayed in Chinese.

六悦博物馆匾额文史探源:从“风高洛社”匾说“洛社”

洛社,在历史上往往与文学,特别是与诗密切关联,洛社是诗社的代名词;洛社又是地名,一个怀念故国、祭祀土神的地名。下面说说六悦博物馆匾额馆的“风高洛社”横匾:

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(风高洛社)

上款:明经进士

敕授修职郞历任进贤县儒学正|副堂掌安远县儒学副堂

南昌府儒学副堂姻晚姪温光第

榜书:风高洛社

下款:大国宾星琴太姻伯姚老先生六秩八立

道光二十八年戊申岁仲春月谷旦

先说题匾人温光第和受匾者姚星琴。题匾人自署“明经进士”,其实是贡生出身,请参见拙作《以匾额说岁进士、乡进士、礼部进士》一文。温光第由贡生资格选为教职,先任县、府的训导(副堂),后升县学教谕(正堂)。受匾人姚星琴,匾中称为“大国宾”,大是尊称,国宾,主要有两种人,一是国家的老臣,二是选为乡饮耆宾的老翁。看来,这位姚老先生并无官衔,应该属于乡饮耆宾。关于乡饮耆宾请参见拙作六悦博物馆匾额文史探源:以“大宾”“华国耆英”匾说乡饮宾一文。(点击标题链接即可阅读)

匾文“风高洛社”,说姚星琴的道德才华,神态举止,高于洛社,显然略有溢美。

洛社,古代特指高龄显宦且赋闲在家者组织的会社,往往与诗歌相关,历史上很早就有洛阳诗社,简称洛社。洛阳地处洛水之阳,是夏王朝立国和活动的中心地域,据传三四千年前就名叫洛阳。真正的洛社,源于白居易组织的九老会。唐代会昌五年(845),白居易等9位老翁在洛阳龙门香山寺聚会,9位老翁对朝廷不满,看不惯世俗,又志趣相投,结成“九老会”,时称“香山九老”。后人盛赞九位老翁“香山比算,洛社齐名”,意思是:年高寿长可比香山,品德才艺齐名九老。从此开始,洛社成为德高望重、诗才过人的代名词。《宋史•文彦博传》有记:(文彦博)与富弼、司马光等13位赋闲官员,用白居易九老会事,置酒赋诗相乐,序齿不序官。组建诗社,建造耆英堂,绘像其中,谓之“洛阳耆英会”,引来众多的羡慕者。司马光《洛阳耆英会序》:“昔白乐天(白居易字乐天号香山居士)在洛与高年者八人游,时人慕之,为九老图传于世。”每年金风送爽时节,登高赋诗遣怀。时人称之为“香山洛社”。北宋著名画家李公麟以白居易等九老为题材,描绘《会昌九老图》,接下来两宋的马兴祖、刘松年等画家,都有《香山九老图》传世。从此九老图成为绘画专题。明代谢环、周臣、清代任熊等都分别描摹过《香山九老图》,现代傅抱石等画家仍将此作为历史常用题材作画,各呈所长,各有兴寄,以旧瓶装新酒,借九老而抒怀。

从唐代到宋代,这些赋诗相乐的老年社团组织无论自称还是后人,都或称谓或比喻成“洛社”。洛社,在文人高士,引为雅集的代名词;在古诗文词,酝酿成为文学典故。

洛社又是一个著名的地名。据晋史研究学者认为,在晋代以前无锡洛社这个地方叫作“锡麓村”,西晋“八王之乱”后,河南洛阳百姓大量迁徙江南,他们径直使用家乡的地名称代栖息之地。当时交通信息传递不畅通,几千里以外地名相重根本不会产生纠缠,于是“洛河”、“洛水”、“洛溪”什么的都搬用过来,十分方便,而且颇感亲切。

无锡有学者认为,洛社的“社”,就是土神与祭祀土神的意思,祭祀的地方、祭祀的日子和祭礼活动都有讲究。祭祀土神的场所,一般选择高出周边的土地;祭祀分春秋二祭,久而久之,酝酿成春社和秋社两个约定俗成的节令。

洛社拥有悠久的历史,自有她的诗和远方。江苏省无锡市惠山区那个洛社镇,一个积淀着深厚历史文化的江南名镇,建于梁代初年的开利寺,相传是东晋大书法家王羲之的别墅原址,“池边涤砚”和“亭上观鹅”,千百年来成为墨林佳话。宋代即有洛社之名,至今已有一千多年历史。无锡珅山的洛社镇,2004年面积77.42平方千米,十万余常住人口。洛社镇上有一所洛社师范,创办于1923年,全称江苏省洛社师范学校,不同时期名称有所不同,不过“洛社师范”四字始终遐迩闻名。一个世纪以来,培养出了数以万计的师范教育人才,为国家农村教育事业的振兴发展作出了重要贡献。

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(名高洛社)

在六悦博物馆,在重庆少林堂等匾额馆,收藏着相当多的含有“洛社”二字的匾额,比如“名齐洛社”“名高洛社”等,全都用于赞喻受匾者年高德劭,富有诗才文情。

黎里守望庐主

李海珉老师简介

 

李海珉,字龙石,笔名李展、南雁、守望庐主,1947年生于吴江黎里。

 

当了20多年中学教师,1994年调入柳亚子纪念馆,后任馆长兼黎里文保所长,被评为副研究员,中国南社研究中心聘为研究员。

 

主攻江南古镇、南社文化和书画文物研究,也撰写散文随笔。

 

2007年9月退休,2011年黎里古镇保护开发管理委员会聘为顾问,兼柳亚子纪念馆、黎里旅游公司顾问。

 

出版《柳亚子》、《古镇黎里》、《奇珍揽胜》、《吴江南社》、《白蕉手迹鉴赏》、《南社书坛点将录》等专著、编著20多本,约600万字。

 

Lee Haimin Profile

 

Lee Haimin. Pen name: Lee Zhan, Southern Goose, the Hovel Watcher. Mr. Lee was born in Lili Ancient Town in 1947.

 

Mr Lee was a teacher for more than 20 years, and he began work in Liu Yazi Memorial Museum in 1994. A few years later, he became the curator and the director of the Institute of Cultural Relics Protection in Lili Ancient Town, and was appointed as an associate researcher. He is also employed as a researcher by the Nanshe Research Center.

 

Mr. Lee specializes in ancient towns South of the Changjiang River, the culture of Nanshe, painting and calligraphy, and he is also a prose writer.

 

He retired in September 2007. In 2011, he was hired by the Lili Ancient Town Protection and Development Management Committee as a consultant, and he is also a consultant for Liu Yazi Memorial Museum and Lili Tourism Company.

 

Mr. Lee has published more than 20 books with about 6 million words, such as Liu Yazi, Ancient Town Lili, Treasure Are in Sight, Nan She of Wujiang, Appreciation of White Banana Script, and Nanshe Member Review.