本次转载的文章为
六悦博物馆匾额文史探源:以“大宾”、“华国耆英”匾说乡饮宾
乡饮本是一种民间风俗,后为官府主持,选择本县(州、府)年高德邵具有社会影响力的代表人物,给予礼遇,认真招待,起到尊老敬老教化社会的效果。
在此感谢李海珉老师的研究编写,章治平老师的照片拍摄以及徐薇老师的推文编辑。很抱歉以下文字仅展示中文。
This reposted article is the fourth in a series of articles which explain the meaning of ancient plaques in the Six Arts Museum.
Da Bin: It usually refers to the dignitary of great honor and reputation Hua Guo. Qi Ying: This is a plaque given by an ancient local official to the most honored guest at a government banquet.
Xiang Yin was originally a folk custom. It developed into a banquet held by the government to invite the local elders with good reputation to attend and provide them with high standards of treatment in order to educate people to respect the elderly.
Thanks to writer Lee Haimin, photographer Zhang Zhiping, and post editor Xu Wei. We apologize that the following post is written only in Chinese.
六悦博物馆匾额文史探源:以“大宾”、“华国耆英”匾说乡饮宾
上款:钦命江西承宣布政使司陆(元烺) 为
榜书:大宾
下款:大国宾巫庆三 立
大清道光二十九年己酉岁孟冬月中浣谷旦
(大宾)
(上款:钦命江西承宣布政使司囗政使陆(元烺) 为)
(下款:大国宾巫庆三立 道光二十九年乙酉岁孟冬月中浣谷旦)
乡饮宾,一种酒礼,由地方官主持礼仪,自有一套严格管理制度与程序。 乡饮酒礼,始于周代,最初属于乡人一种聚会方式,秦汉以后,酒礼为儒家采用,注入尊贤养老的思想,意在使全乡成员宴饮欢聚之时受到教化,逐渐定型。 隋唐时开科取士,乡饮酒礼往往同科举考试相关。两宋时,国子监与地方官学,将学生分为上舍生、内舍生和外舍生三等,特别是州学,一般每年都得向国子监推荐“贡生”,大多一名上舍生,二名内舍生。由地方正印官(第一把手)做东,宴请所推荐的贡生。 明朝洪武五年和十六年,先后两次由朝廷规定乡饮酒礼:每年正月望日和十月朔日举行乡饮酒礼举行地点在各府、州、县学的明伦堂,参加人员主席位一人,以各府、州、县升官充任,宾席位“大宾”一位,选择本地告老回乡官员并且享有德誉者;“僎宾”一位,选择本地告老回乡官员或地方上的耆彦硕德,往往是有所撰述者;还有“介宾”和“三宾”数人。从大宾到三宾,统称乡饮宾。一般都由当地学官调查考察,出具“宾约”,逐个填报,上呈知县或知州、知府复核,再上报本省巡抚或总督。(恩诏乡饮宾(祠堂供牌))
(乡饮大宾(祠堂供牌))
(清代江西藩宪颁发给安福县张熺的乡饮宾凭证)
龙飞光绪贰拾玖年岁次癸卯阳月谷旦
(华国耆英)
(乡饮介宾)
李海珉老师简介
李海珉,字龙石,笔名李展、南雁、守望庐主,1947年生于吴江黎里。
当了20多年中学教师,1994年调入柳亚子纪念馆,后任馆长兼黎里文保所长,被评为副研究员,中国南社研究中心聘为研究员。
主攻江南古镇、南社文化和书画文物研究,也撰写散文随笔。
2007年9月退休,2011年黎里古镇保护开发管理委员会聘为顾问,兼柳亚子纪念馆、黎里旅游公司顾问。
出版《柳亚子》、《古镇黎里》、《奇珍揽胜》、《吴江南社》、《白蕉手迹鉴赏》、《南社书坛点将录》等专著、编著20多本,约600万字。
Lee Haimin Profile
Lee Haimin. Pen name: Lee Zhan, Southern Goose, the Hovel Watcher. Mr. Lee was born in Lili Ancient Town in 1947.
Mr Lee was a teacher for more than 20 years, and he began work in Liu Yazi Memorial Museum in 1994. A few years later, he became the curator and the director of the Institute of Cultural Relics Protection in Lili Ancient Town, and was appointed as an associate researcher. He is also employed as a researcher by the Nanshe Research Center.
Mr. Lee specializes in ancient towns South of the Changjiang River, the culture of Nanshe, painting and calligraphy, and he is also a prose writer.
He retired in September 2007. In 2011, he was hired by the Lili Ancient Town Protection and Development Management Committee as a consultant, and he is also a consultant for Liu Yazi Memorial Museum and Lili Tourism Company.
Mr. Lee has published more than 20 books with about 6 million words, such as Liu Yazi, Ancient Town Lili, Treasure Are in Sight, Nan She of Wujiang, Appreciation of White Banana Script, and Nanshe Member Review.